Lá fhéile Pádraig sona dhuit!
Happy St. Patricks Day!
From Group Ballina.
All-new Items for you to 3D Print,
this festive day, using
the 'VeeMee 3D Printer'.
Monday, March 17, 2014
Sunday, March 16, 2014
Grand Finale - Discussing 3D Printing, Wars and all the Rest
For closing our blog, a few of us convened for a little experiment. We had a little chat and discussed various topics around 3D printing. Here the transcript, enjoy!
1) I will get a 3D printer, if…
Chantal: I will get a 3D printer if the cost of printers goes down and the value added by printing objects instead of buying them off the shelf justifies the investment.
Graham: I posted an article on the blog about the poor guys face being reconstructed by use of a 3D printer...i will get a 3D printer when the detail of the items justifies the quality, that level of detail is getting better and better all the time…
Chantal: Yes, I might not get a 3D printer for myself right away, but if businesses and medical facilities started using them first, then I wouldn't be against renting a house printer for a week or buying objects printed from 3D printed designs. Hershey's chocolate for instance is starting to sell 3D printed chocolate bars.
Graham: Women and chocolate! ha love it the main factors most (if not all) will buy them is 1. Price 2. Compact size...nobody wants a monster of a printer, they were left in the 1980’s...
Chantal: Well for certain applications you would still need large printers, for instance if you were to print a house or a car or some larger objects then you might not actually buy a large 3D printer but renting one might be good if the cost is justified
Graham: Right, but most people I’d imagine would still go to a type of workshop or factor to have a 3D print of a car made...as in, even if the technology allows you to print a car, most won’t. Because you then have to assemble the car! the printer just gives you the parts…
Chantal: Yes. So I would imagine that the 3D printing industry would have a shape quite similar to that of regular printing and manufacturing, with large printing houses that could produce large goods or objects and small personal printers that would just be for smaller objects printed from custom designs.
Graham: Side question...if the cost to 3D print something was 5 Eur, and the cost to buy it 5 Eur, would you see a 3D printer as any better investment? because the materials (liquids) still need to be paid for. I would so I wouldn’t ever have to go shopping!!!
Chantal: I'm not sure, because you would still have to find the designs and buy the supplies for what you want to make, and you have the initial investment of buying the printer and printer repairs etc. So if it ends up being like with regular printers then the cost of having a printer, buying refills and fixing it would end up being quite high compared to the value of one actual printed object. Maybe if it was a food printer, I would see it as a good investment, but for goods that would only be bought once in a while, probably not. For designers and small businesses though, I would see it as a very good investment to showcase designs and new products, or even just for prototyping. What types of potential applications did you have in mind?
Graham: I suppose for an item like a cup, I’m not sure I wouldn’t just pay the 2 EUR in the shop!
Benedikt: I personally will get a 3D printer in the future (maybe shared with other people) as I want to experiment with the technology. I don’t see an immediate special value for myself though. I am not into ornaments and statues for example. Once commercial 3D printers are however fast enough to print objects in mere minutes - and able to recycle any of these said objects, I’d by one right away. Cost does not play such a big role for me once buying a printer is below my salary after taxes minus my regular living costs.
2) If I could print anything I would print…
Graham: A beautiful house in the Italian hillside of Florence in Tuscany…
Chantal: Same, a house. Preferably with sea view on the Mediterranean.
Graham: Another thing I would do is to print a healthy bone for my cousins leg, who had a bad motorcycle accident at Xmas. I would give up the house for that...
Benedikt: I would print out board games that I always wanted to play and couldn’t get because they are not produced anymore or can only be ordered via obscure ways. And I would print out the models of some cars from the Pixar movie of the same name. My nephew is totally into them and some models are impossible to get.
Chantal: With a small personal 3D printer though, I would probably just try out some designs for small objects.
Graham: I think that the technology is one that it interests peoples imaginations, so I would be interesting to put 100 people in a room and get to understand what people consider to be something they are interested in...some people like flowers, or jewellry or fashion, and normally spend plenty of time on those types of crafts. Would those be not hand made anymore?
Chantal: I think it would be detrimental to some businesses that produce lower quality goods, but for businesses that sell goods made directly from natural things like flowers or pearls, I don't think that there would be a risk, since the appeal of it is partially due to the imperfections and singular characteristics of the natural product. For example, fake pearls have been around for a long time, yet this has not destroyed the pearl industry.
Graham: Most people consider that the ‘beauty’ of the project is the imperfections…
Benedikt: I don’t want to sound cynical, but I don’t think 3D printers will free people from their “creative shackles”. Just like regular 2D design on the computer, it’s too much effort for most people to learn how to do it just to be a bit creative. It will however usher in a new type of artist producing designs solely for 3D printing and making good money with it. Like people now do with Etsy.
3) Considering the turmoil about printing weapons, I think 3D printing should be more regulated in the future? (How?)
Graham: The problem with gun regulations (mostly in the US) is that it is in their constitution. Most Americans feel that they have the right to hold a firearm to protect their homes. But whether a gun is printed or bought (in the US, they can buy them in supermarkets!), it is still a gun. And even hand made guns they can’t regulate, so not sure how they could do printed ones…
Graham: Many countries of the world have no or very lacking gun controls in place, the only thing to stop some countries is the cost of the materials needed.
Chantal: Yes, I agree that in countries where there is no or little regulation, it will be quite hard to monitor guns, but then again, in those places, it already is. One aspect I would be concerned about is gun control in highly regulated countries, where the monitoring nowadays might be impossible to maintain the future. The materials problem will, in my opinion, remain in the same countries that already experience it today, since 3D printing just puts the materials together but the initial cost would be the same.
Graham: Right, so the regulations at the moment are identification for the guns (although not strong enough in some countries). So maybe the regulations of the 3D printed guns might be the control of the steel needed for the gun. But then again, people could just say they are printing a wrench, not a gun.
Benedikt: I think the we might be looking at a wider problem with this though. It will be pretty much impossible to control every single gun 3D blueprint as slight modifications can already make it evade any “tagging” or similar measures. If this is getting out of hand (terrorist attack with printed guns, uprising somewhere, massacres, …) there will be the a public outcry (yeah :D) for tougher regulations. Which will only be possible by controlling the entire infrastructure for distributing and sharing blueprints or controling the ownership of 3D printers. They will have to be registered just like guns today, simply by association with guns. Do you think this will be the way to go? Or is the trend simply unstoppable without banning the technology alltogether?
Chantal: Well there would probably have to be an attempt at monitoring gun designs and such, but it is pretty hard to control such information nowadays, so gun designs would always be floating around somewhere.
Benedikt: It will be just like file and music-sharing was. But I guess we have learned from back then? Or have we? There is much more at stake now than just commercial interests of some industries.
Graham: Wars are started by guns...if the availability is much more widespread, we could see the number of conflicts increase rapidly...
Benedikt: That is true. If 3D printing got fast, cheap and reliable enough, you could arm an entire country within days. Reserve soldiers and militias wouldn’t need their guns at home anymore. Just an emergency “broadcast” to all printers of these people would do.
Chantal: What if you monitored the individual printers though instead of the designs? With some kind of alert for illegal printing patterns.
Benedikt: That sounds difficult. You mean like the same way providers can identify music and films being downloaded nowadays?
Graham: I like the idea of illegal printing patterns etc. but as history constantly shows, people always get around it somehow...
Benedikt: In this case however the potential repercussions of that are much more severe and unpredictable than the ones of music- and movie-downloads. Anyone could just shoot anyone else. Uprisings would work much faster and more violently, gangs could overpower police-forces, lots of groups could be radicalised much more quickly that might not be radicalised at all without such easy access to weapons. The image of the “civilized humanity” would be challenged like never before in history.
Graham: Is humanity civilized? I’m not sure where that saying comes from. But for sure, technology improvements could threaten and destroy our own worlds, ironically when people want to improve technology to enhance the world!
Chantal: But that happens with almost any technology, right? I mean, there were no cyberwars before the internet, so this would just be more of the same.
Benedikt: I’m not so sure about that. To be a cyberwarrior you need significant knowledge and skill. Printing a gun is something else. I am trying to think of a technology that could be comparable in ease of access and potential destructive power.
Chantal: How about terrorist activity with homemade bombs? Could 3D printed guns be compared to that?
Benedikt: Hm… maybe. I’m just trying to think here in “user experience” terms. Products and services that make access to them more convenient, have usually much more potential for success. Eliminating one step makes all the difference. And 3D printing take away even the step of getting ingredients, putting any real effort into it except for the assembly of parts (which is more like assembling LEGO than producing a complex chemical compound).
4) I think intellectual copyright has to extend to 3D printing and should be similarly enforced as it currently is (Why?)
Graham: IP & copyright control will really be the battle of the future. With most money going to the lawyers...the patent laws that have existed for Irish and European levels will definitely have to be changed to allow for the progress of this new technology. Centuries old laws exist, and they only modify them to add a new technological word, I remember from my patents classes.
Chantal: The shape this IP will take will probably be copyrighting on the designs in my opinion. But just like with the gun control, violations of the IP will be hard to track. I would see this going the same way as the ebook industry: some books are free, some books are paid for and some are illegally redistributed, but overall the industry is booming. I think the 3D printing industry would have the same potential.
Benedikt: The issue is already pressing, but with 3D printing it will become much more pressing as the impact is similarly strong and could bring even stronger benefits or downsides. If I modify a figurine somebody uploaded - who owns that physical figurine?
Chantal: Well there could be IP on the design and you would just own a copy or a license so any physical good derived from it would just be like a printed copy of a book: the book's words belong to the author or publisher and the copy belongs to you. Applied to 3D printing, the object belongs to you but the designs and right for distribution belong to the author.
Graham: I agree with Chantal in the “violations of the IP would be hard to track” but I suppose all designs are patentable, so it would make sense to know, that when you design something, to include if it is covered by 3D printing!
5) 3D printing will make us fundamentally re-think the way we treat material possessions
Graham: I’m not sure it will on this one. As in, with every new technology or process, it starts off as a phase, but over time, becomes the norm. People don’t think about it, they just do it, because it’s human instinct.
Benedikt: As mentioned above it’s all about convenience and solving problems. An ideal 3D printer (fast, colors, any material, any size) would enable us to print any kind of non-electronic (and maybe even those) objects ourselves. Think of all the objects you are currently buying. Candle holders, picture frames, cutlery, cups, chairs etc. etc. You could print all this yourself.
Chantal: Well potentially, if you were constantly 3D printing quick fixes for whatever you need right now and disposable objects then yes, it would result in a lot of waste, but that would also be quite expensive, so most people would probably not do that.
Benedikt: In my opinion this drives people mainly in buying such objects - convenience and cost-efficiency. A secondary factor are customization/personal value. All three of these would be addressed by 3D printing. Why go to Ikea when you can print that chair? Why wait for a difficult replacement part to be shipped, if you can just print it? Why get a 1 in a million figurette if you could customize one for yourself?
Graham: I think that the large cargos of the world might be shipping pure liquid, no the heavy goods of the world in the future. It might be like liquid containers going through the Panama Canal…
Benedikt: Yes, just shipping raw materials instead of the actual goods. Much more efficient. Storage spaces could be unified to for material storage instead of all kind of objects being stored separately.
Graham: Right! And much more cost effective, as fuel bills etc. would be probably less!
Chantal: In terms of material stock and storage, 3D printing would help reduce useless stock and enable even small businesses to have a virtually endless supply of goods that would only be limited to printing time and materials. Say, if you needed glasses, your optician could just print them for you, depending on what design you want, and everything could be easily customised. Useless stock that ends up never being sold nowadays would never even get printed if all was print-on-demand.
Benedikt: I think that would be a transitional period. But if the technology advances (and we have enough raw materials), why would I still need to “own” anything, if I could just print it out anywhere. Would that lead to crazy waste? Or crazy sharing? A rise of new recycling?
Chantal: Maybe it could lead to a new industry of "home-recycling" machines, wherefrom you would be able to extract the raw materials of your waste and reuse them as input for your 3D printer. Then we would no longer be paying for waste management, it would be better both economically and ecologically speaking and we could have the goods we need on demand made from our previous goods. Say, if you recycle your plastic cup, you could reuse the plastic to make a plastic container the next day.
Benedikt: People would WANT to get old objects then to recycle them. And not throw anything away. So this would be a conditional technology for make 3D printing really big. Viable on the spot recycling.
Graham: In a greener planet, large companies especially have a responsibility to ensure that any practice they take on is without the regulations of the government and European parliament. Recycling of 3D Printed material is just another item for them to deal with (if they want to avoid large fines)
6) Is 3D printing just a passing trend or is 3D printing here to stay?
Chantal: I think 3D printing will be here to stay, especially considering the various potential applications, both on the large scale for automation and on a smaller scale for personal or SME use. 3D printing could enable faster, more customisable manufacturing, reduce shipping costs
and maybe even enhance the reuse of local materials in the long run. Its potential for prototyping would also be non-negligible and help entrepreneurial initiatives grow in a more organic way.
Graham: Agreed. I believe it’s here to stay because of the potential cost benefits to each industry and sector. But also because, as we know with all computers, the main reason they grew was because it allowed people to process their work faster. If clients can move the transfer of files around in a controlled and legal manner, businesses will gain the benefit of “less reinvention of the wheel” scenarios. There is the end of a global recession still in progress and any technology that helps move client, customer, medical and infrastructure enhancements will alway be openingly accepted with open arms. The technology is in it’s infant stage, but in 10 or 20 years, such improvements will have been made about the cost, digital, transferring, print patterns, and detail, people will see them as an integrated part of the business (like the fax machine was before email replaced).
Benedikt: Right now I am wondering though if 3D printing will really have commercial success or always will stay a niche process for prototyping, customization etc. There are limits to the technology when it comes to material and as long as we cannot print more durable or conducting elements and not print them much faster, there are not so many incentives for “common” people to get into it. We would need something like a “universal 3D printer”. The fragmented landscape of specialized printers won’t make this big by themselves. We have a certain bias and believe technological progress will continue infinitely and solve all problems we currently see (e.g. with 3D printing), but maybe some of them are technically really impossible to solve (though they might make way to an alternative way of achieving similar things as 3D printing that we haven’t even thought of yet). Besides that there is the problem with materials and resources. We don’t have unlimited supply of plastic/oil for example which is currently the main material for commercial 3D printers. Personally I would wish for 3D printing to become big and I do see some signs that it has good chances. But it’s not as much of a sure bet as some of our arguments (and previous posts) might imply.
Is molecular assembler the next evolutionary step of 3D printing?
The history of science fiction shows that they got at least something right. Being a fan of the genre myself, I often find my imagination challenged by some predictions authors make, even though they seem seem centuries ahead of our time they still sound feasible. And hectically ever changing world around us implies that nothing really is impossible.
Lets take the famous Star Trek as an example, debuting in 1966 it introduced quite a few new technological concepts over the years of existence of the series, some of which already really exist nowadays. One that really interests me is the Replicator - a machine capable of creating and recycling objects.
This clever device worked by rearranging subatomic particles, which as we know are abundant everywhere in the universe, to form molecules and then arrange those molecules to form the object in question. In example, to create a strip of bacon, the replicator would first gather atoms of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and others, then arrange them into amino acid and protein molecules, then form cells and assemble them into the final form of bacon.
This clever device worked by rearranging subatomic particles, which as we know are abundant everywhere in the universe, to form molecules and then arrange those molecules to form the object in question. In example, to create a strip of bacon, the replicator would first gather atoms of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and others, then arrange them into amino acid and protein molecules, then form cells and assemble them into the final form of bacon.
This approach sounds very much like a molecular assembler - a term introduced by an American engineer K. Eric Drexler, that describes a proposed device able to guide chemical reactions by positioning reactive molecules with atomic precision. And to no surprise the term has actually been used in science fiction and popular culture to refer to a wide range of fantastic atom-manipulating machines, many of which may be physically impossible in reality.
There is one heavyweight and controversial industry that deals with very complex organic molecules and tries to create and produce them in a most efficient way possible - pharmaceutics. And great news for it! It seems that Sci-Fi ideas of the Replicator can actually turn out to be the present reality. The idea of "printing your own drugs" was the centerpiece of a recent TED Talk by Lee Cronin, a chemist from the University of Glasgow. Lee claims to have prototyped a 3D printer capable of assembling chemical compounds on the molecular level.
What Apple did for music, I'd like to do for the discovery and distribution of prescription drugs.
The process would not be that different from the way today's 3D printers work, except on a much smaller and more precise scale. According to Cronin, users would go to an online drugstore with their digital prescription, buy the "blueprint" and the chemical "ink" they need, and then print the drug at home with software and a 3D molecular printer. One of the biggest advantages to this approach will be the ability to tailor the chemicals and dosages to suit the individual precisely, making it even possible to remove or lower the risks of allergies and other side effects.
Yet to every positive technological advance there tend to always be also the dark side. In the review of Mike Power, 3D Printed Drugs: The Revolution That's Changing How the World Gets High by disrupt3d.com reviewer states:
Yet to every positive technological advance there tend to always be also the dark side. In the review of Mike Power, 3D Printed Drugs: The Revolution That's Changing How the World Gets High by disrupt3d.com reviewer states:
It doesn’t take much extrapolation from current tech trends to see where this will eventually end up. Once we all get atomic-level 3D printers, we can just build our own pills at home. Then “controlled substance” will finally be completely uncontrollable.And this is really not that hard to imagine, having in mind how many different kinds of new synthetic drugs are being born every day that it is quite hard for the authorities to keep up and ban them, simplifying this process even further wouldn't do much good to an already black market. If drug printing machines become readily available, it wouldn't take being Walter White to produce your own top quality psychoactive drug of choice.
References
- 10 Things Science Fiction Got Right - Neatorama
- HowStuffWorks - Top 10 'Star Trek' Technologies That Actually Came True
- Replicator (Star Trek) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Molecular assembler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Lee Cronin: Print your own medicine | Talk Video | TED
- Integrated 3D-printed reactionware for chemical synthesis and analysis : Nature Chemistry : Nature Publishing Group
- 3D Printed Drugs: The Revolution That's Changing How the World Gets High | Disrupt 3D
- Horrifying New Drugs! Does New Zealand's New Synthetic Drug Law Offer a Safer Way Forward? | Eric E. Sterling
Infographic for a quick overview about 3D printing
The Australian magazine Pacetoday recently featured a great infographic that explains 3D printing in an easy and understandable manner. Now you finally have something to forward to your parents about this blog!
Here the most important parts:
Prototyping
Hobbyists usage
Adoption Stage of 3D printing
Source: http://www.pacetoday.com.au/features/mapping-the-3d-printing-revolution-infographic
Memories that are worth keeping
You know how parents try to keep as many memories of their toddlers as they can? I believe many of you can find your old baby shoes when visiting your family, some, like mine, might have them hanging on the wall. Those that are younger might even have their ultrasound photos of when they were still in their mommies belly.
Ultrasound photos while being great and all only come in black and white, and they're hard to see the whole beauty of it. And as usual tackling these obstacles technology steps in, and who-would-of-guessed - the Japanese!
Catering the demand to immortalize infancy, Japanese firm "Fasotec" and "Hiroo Ladies Clinic" offer to have a 3D printed model of your little bundle of joy in utero.
Being called Tenshi no Katachi or the "Shape of an Angel", the product is based on a digital model of the mother's torso obtained from CT or MRI scans and then 3D printed using a process called Bio-Texture, the same that "Fasotec" uses to create their medical models.
As is to be expected with any medical procedures the main model doesn't come cheap, your wallet will be around 1,200€ (10,000¥) lighter after you get it. But the good news are, once the main 3D model is done, the fetus keychains and cellphone dongles made using the same process will cost far less!
Saturday, March 15, 2014
3D Print Vehicles
You wouldn’t download a car!!! Well, not yet anyway. I’m
sure everyone has seen that over the top anti-piracy scene on the start of most
DVDs which you can’t skip or fast forward through; even though you paid for the
DVD. They're kind of aiming at the wrong market there but anyhow, in the near
future it seems that we will be able to download a car, at least the CAD design
of a car to 3D print it.
3D printed cars
Honda have come out and said that they will be releasing the
plans to the general public for the 3D printing of five concepts; Fuya-Jo, FSR,
Kiwami, Puyo, and NSX [1].
These cars are exactly the kind of car that you would expect a manufacture to
give away for free; they lack pretty much any desirability, except for one: the
NSX. Sold between 1990 and 2005, this is the Holy Grail for a car enthusiast.
Dubbed the “Japanese Ferrari”, this was the poster car for many kids that grew
up through the 90s. The NSX has been redesigned and due for release in 2015. I
might have screamed like a little girl when I saw this and began looking for
the designs and a 3D printer. Unfortunately there is the small print that says
it’s only a little plastic paperweight that can be 3D printed. My common sense
kicked in when I realized that Honda was not going to give away for free the
designs for one of its most famous models.
Urbee
On the other hand, there is a company that is 3D printing a
functional car with an electric motor, although they are not releasing the
plans for the public. Founded by Jim Kor, this company is called Kor Ecologic. The
car in question is called the Urbee (URBan Electric vehicle with Ethanol as a backup).
They are planning to recreate the first cross US road trip
done from New York to San Francisco done by Horatio Jackson in 1903. Along with
his mechanic Sewall K.Crocker and Bud, a pit bull that they picked up along the
way, they completed the road trip in a Winton Touring Car that took 2 months 9
days and 800 US gallons of gasoline. That journey would cost around $4,000
today. The Urbee will complete the journey using 37.85 litres of fuel and they
are estimating the journey to take between 2 and 3 days to complete. The fuel
economy is simply amazing, returning 200 miles per gallon [4].
It achieves this by using an electric motor and a backup ethanol engine. To
fully re-enact the cross country drive, the drivers are Tyler Kor and Cody Kor
along with their Collie/Blue Heeler cross, Bud.
Right The amount of fuel expected to be used in recreation of the frist trans US road trip [6]
While the selling
point of the Urbee is the remarkable engine, it is the body that I am
interested in. Urbee is the first car body to be 3D printed [8]. The windows are
the only part of the car that is not being 3D printed. The 10 foot long car
took about 2,500 hours to print. Jim Kor can easily add thickness to any part to
the body; this adds strength to the panel while keeping the weight low. Using
this method of printing the weight of the car is only 544kg. In addition
to keeping the weight low, the car design is based on a water droplet with a 0.15
drag coefficient. There is the obvious question about how safe a 544kg
plastic car can be. Korlogic has said that the Urbee will have to pass the technical
test at Le Mans. The Urbee will technically be registered as a motorcycle
mainly because of its low weight and the fact that it has only 3 wheels. [8]
Kit Cars
As most people know, exotic cars, such as Ferraris or
Lamborghinis, are ridiculously expensive, usually costing hundreds of
thousands. Some car enthusiasts have taken to modding cheaper cars to look like
exotic cars, these are called kit cars. Sometimes the modders do a great job
and it is very hard to tell the difference, as in the case of the Toyota MR2
being modded to look like a Ferrari 335 Testarossa. Other times they look like
below, with the top picture being a modded car in Australia [10] and the bottom being the original roughly $700,000 Pagani Zonda [11]
As 3D printing evolves, becomes more affordable and quicker,
it would only be natural that modders would start to print off their own
designs. The cost saving alone would be huge. More often than not, custom parts
have to be ordered which are astronomically expensive and then the time to
produce them is incredibly long. With 3D printing the costs are pretty low and
while it might take a long time to print the part, it would take significantly shorter
time than by ordering it.
3D printed
motorcycles
We have seen the first 3D printed car, now let’s have a look
at the first 3D printed motorcycle, the Energica Ego. A fully 3D printed
motorcycle with an electric motor providing the power.
The only parts not to be printed are the front forks, the
engine frame and the battery pack; these will be built with casted aluminium [12]
On the Energica Ego’s website, the bike is said to produce 100kw but it doesn’t say whether that is produced at the crank or the rear wheel. If that is at the rear wheel, then it’ll be competing against 4 of the 1000cc superbike heavy weights; the Kawasaki ZX10R, the Honda CBR1000RR, the Suzuki GSX-R1000 and the Yamaha YZF-R1, pictured below. 0-60 is said to be under 3 seconds whereas the top speed is electronically limited to 150mph. The 1000cc petrol bikes have a top speed of 180mph. If the 100kw is at the rear wheel, it will be competing with the Ducati 899, another Italian superbike.
References
2. http://strumors.automobilemag.com/files/2012/01/Acura-NSX-Concept-front-three-quarters-623x389.jpg
8. http://www.wired.com/autopia/2013/02/3d-printed-car/
9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWHaeInl_mQ
10. http://aussieexotics.com/photo/?pic=1371&th=218&po=941&nm=front-left.JPG&thnm=JTS-Supercar&pstr=AshSimmonds
11. http://www.williamhage.com/red_Zonda.jpg
12. http://www.3ders.org/articles/20131111-the-3d-printed-electric-motorcycle.html
13. http://www.energicasuperbike.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/energica-ego-4-980x612.jpg
14. http://stat.ameba.jp/user_images/20120523/15/ghostripon/0f/35/j/o0600040011989010145.jpg
9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWHaeInl_mQ
10. http://aussieexotics.com/photo/?pic=1371&th=218&po=941&nm=front-left.JPG&thnm=JTS-Supercar&pstr=AshSimmonds
11. http://www.williamhage.com/red_Zonda.jpg
12. http://www.3ders.org/articles/20131111-the-3d-printed-electric-motorcycle.html
13. http://www.energicasuperbike.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/energica-ego-4-980x612.jpg
14. http://stat.ameba.jp/user_images/20120523/15/ghostripon/0f/35/j/o0600040011989010145.jpg
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